News Details

HOME » News / Blog » Optical Communication » Underwater Optical Transceiver Selection: 1310 vs 1550 nm

Underwater Optical Transceiver Selection: 1310 vs 1550 nm

Author: Site Editor     Publish Time: 20-09-2026      Origin: Site

Underwater Optical Transceiver Selection: 1310 vs 1550 nm | ZION

Underwater Fiber Optic Terminal Selection: 1310 vs 1550 nm

Select a matched underwater fiber optic terminal pair by defining the link direction, TX/RX wavelengths, optical operating window, service interfaces and subsea pressure boundary before ordering.

Underwater vehicle connected to a surface vessel by a fiber optic tether
An underwater fiber optic link connects the vehicle terminal to surface-side control equipment.
Architecture first One-way, two-fiber duplex and one-fiber BiDi links require different terminal pairing.
Wavelength is not reach Lower fiber attenuation at 1550 nm does not replace an end-to-end power budget.
Check the full power window Receiver sensitivity and overload must both be verified.
FC/LC is not subsea sealing The optical interface and underwater pressure boundary are separate specifications.
In this guide, an underwater optical transceiver means a complete fiber optic terminal or media converter that converts Ethernet or serial data to optical signals. It does not mean a pluggable optical module such as an SFP.

Direct selection answer

A reliable selection cannot be made from “1310/1550 nm, FC port, network port and serial port” alone. Start with a matched end-to-end architecture, then verify the transmitter and receiver optical ranges, passive path loss, service protocol and subsea connection method.

The current ZION underwater fiber optic spool system lists transmitting and receiving terminals, 1310 nm/1550 nm options, FC optical ports, network and serial ports, and a watertight wired connection. These details establish the available configuration direction; the final model still needs a controlled datasheet and approved interface drawing.

The notation “1310 nm/1550 nm” shows two wavelength options, but it does not define how a terminal pair transmits and receives. Identify one of the following architectures before specifying the equipment.

Comparison of one-way dual-fiber and BiDi underwater optical links
From left to right: one-way single-fiber, two-way dual-fiber and one-fiber BiDi link concepts. Confirm the exact TX/RX wavelengths for the selected terminal pair.
One-way, one-fiber

One terminal transmits and the other receives, normally at the same nominal wavelength.

Two-way, two-fiber

Each direction uses a separate fiber. Both terminals require optical transmit and receive functions.

One-fiber BiDi/WDM

A matched pair uses complementary wavelengths, such as end A TX 1310/RX 1550 nm and end B TX 1550/RX 1310 nm.

Required confirmation

Record TX/RX wavelength at each end, fiber count, data direction and whether WDM components are integrated.

Choose between 1310 nm and 1550 nm

The published cabled-fiber attenuation limits are ≤0.35 dB/km at 1310 nm and ≤0.25 dB/km at 1550 nm. These are plausible values for the specified G.657.A2 product, but they should be treated as product values rather than universal limits for every G.657.A2 cable.

Comparison of optical attenuation at 1310 and 1550 nanometres
The two equal-length paths visualize different fiber attenuation. For 30 km, the published limits give 10.5 dB at 1310 nm and 7.5 dB at 1550 nm before connection, splice, WDM and engineering-margin allowances.
Wavelength Published maximum attenuation 30 km fiber-only loss Selection context
1310 nm ≤0.35 dB/km 10.5 dB Near the zero-dispersion wavelength of conventional single-mode fiber.
1550 nm ≤0.25 dB/km 7.5 dB Lower fiber attenuation; dispersion and deployed bend conditions still require evaluation.

The 1550 nm option reduces fiber-only attenuation by 3 dB in this example, but it is not automatically the better choice. Terminal reach and the complete optical operating window should drive the decision for a 1–30 km project.

Verify the optical power budget and overload limit

Use minimum transmitter output and receiver sensitivity to establish the maximum passive loss that the equipment can tolerate.

Available power budget (dB) = minimum transmitter output (dBm) − receiver sensitivity (dBm)

Estimate the path loss separately:

Fiber loss + all mated connections + splices + WDM/couplers + engineering margin

The 7.5 dB or 10.5 dB value is only the fiber contribution over 30 km. Check the receiver maximum input or overload point as well: long links can have insufficient power, while short links can overdrive the receiver. A usable terminal specification therefore needs minimum and maximum launch power, receiver sensitivity, overload and a stated margin.

Separate the optical connector from the subsea pressure boundary

The terminal table states “FC,” while the spool specification states “FC/UPC or LC/UPC.” Confirm whether the terminal interface is FC/UPC or FC/APC, whether an adapter or patch lead is required, and the insertion-loss and return-loss allowance for each mated connection.

A standard FC/UPC or LC/UPC interface is not a subsea connector by itself. If the connection is exposed to external water pressure, define whether the design uses a pressure penetrator, dry-mate connector or subsea wet-mate connector. Specify rated depth or pressure, hold time, mating condition, materials, mating cycles and saltwater corrosion requirements.

Define Ethernet and serial services precisely

“Network port” does not establish 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T or another rate, and it does not prove transparent transport. Record the Ethernet rate, connector, auto-negotiation, duplex mode, VLAN and multicast handling, jumbo-frame requirement, latency, packet-loss limit, isolation and surge/ESD requirement.

“Serial port” does not identify RS-232, RS-422 or RS-485. Record baud rate, data bits, parity, stop bits, half/full duplex, termination, isolation, pinout and direction. Transparent serial transport and protocol conversion such as Modbus conversion are different functions.

Project information needed before ordering

A purchase-ready terminal package should include the following controlled information:

  • TX/RX wavelength at each end and the one-fiber or two-fiber architecture.
  • Minimum and maximum launch power, receiver sensitivity and receiver overload.
  • Supported service rate, target BER, latency and protocol transparency.
  • Input-voltage range, peak power, start-up behavior and electrical protection.
  • Terminal size, mass, mounting, housing material and corrosion requirements.
  • Operating depth or external pressure, hydrostatic test method and hold time.
  • Operating/storage temperature, shock, vibration and sealing requirements.
Use a model- and revision-controlled terminal datasheet, interface control drawing (ICD), end-to-end optical power budget and agreed acceptance test plan. The spool temperature range and a general IP rating do not establish terminal performance at the required hydrostatic pressure.

Underwater terminal confirmation table

Use this table to align the underwater and surface-side equipment before quotation or technical approval.

Item Underwater end Surface or shore end
Link architecture One-way, two-fiber duplex or one-fiber BiDi; fiber count Matched architecture
Optical interface TX/RX wavelength, Tx min/max, Rx sensitivity/overload, connector and polish Complementary optical parameters and interface
Service interface Ethernet or serial standard, rate, protocol, port count and direction Matching service definition
Optical path Length, connection/splice/WDM loss and engineering margin Approved receiver power window
Power Input range, consumption, protection, connector and pinout Input range, consumption and grounding
Environment Depth/pressure, hold time, temperature, corrosion, shock and vibration Temperature, humidity and ingress protection
Mechanical integration Size, mass, mounting, penetrator or subsea connection Rack, wall or desktop arrangement
Acceptance Datasheet, ICD, serial number and test record End-to-end BER and service test

Technical references

Prepare a matched terminal specification

Send the required link length, fiber count, TX/RX wavelengths, Ethernet or serial definition, operating depth, power input and connector requirements for project review.

Request Project Support